Heat pump running costs by state

Electricity prices and climate swing the cost of running the same heat pump by a factor of four across the U.S. The table shows a typical 3-ton, median-efficiency heat pump in each state. Select a state for the most economical models there.

Cheapest electricity

Nevada

12.72¢ per kWh

U.S. average

18.16¢ / kWh

EIA, August 2026 (preliminary)

Most expensive

Hawaii

47.18¢ per kWh

State	Price	Climate	Heating hrs	Cooling hrs	Typical 3-ton cost/yr
Alabama	16.33¢	Hot-humid	1,100	1,600	$1,300
Alaska	29.41¢	Very cold	3,000	100	$3,413
Arizona	15.05¢	Hot-dry	700	2,200	$1,183
Arkansas	14.37¢	Mixed-humid	1,300	1,500	$1,218
California	29.75¢	Mild / mixed	900	1,000	$1,719
Colorado	17.17¢	Cold	2,000	700	$1,586
Connecticut	24.51¢	Cold	2,200	650	$2,421
Delaware	18.70¢	Mixed-humid	1,700	1,000	$1,648
District of Columbia	25.98¢	Mixed-humid	1,600	1,100	$2,252
Florida	14.99¢	Hot-humid	450	2,400	$1,108
Georgia	15.90¢	Hot-humid	1,100	1,600	$1,265
Hawaii	47.18¢	Tropical	50	2,600	$2,995
Idaho	13.37¢	Cold	2,100	700	$1,286
Illinois	19.32¢	Cold	2,100	800	$1,904
Indiana	17.02¢	Cold	2,000	850	$1,633
Iowa	17.06¢	Cold	2,300	750	$1,790
Kansas	15.47¢	Mixed	1,800	1,100	$1,458
Kentucky	13.80¢	Mixed-humid	1,600	1,100	$1,196
Louisiana	12.87¢	Hot-humid	700	2,000	$951
Maine	32.11¢	Very cold	2,600	400	$3,468
Maryland	21.40¢	Mixed-humid	1,700	1,000	$1,885
Massachusetts	30.48¢	Cold	2,300	600	$3,090
Michigan	22.99¢	Cold	2,400	600	$2,418
Minnesota	17.20¢	Very cold	2,700	550	$1,984
Mississippi	14.43¢	Hot-humid	900	1,800	$1,107
Missouri	16.02¢	Mixed-humid	1,700	1,100	$1,449
Montana	15.57¢	Very cold	2,500	450	$1,641
Nebraska	13.54¢	Cold	2,100	900	$1,366
Nevada	12.72¢	Hot-dry	1,200	1,800	$1,121
New Hampshire	27.64¢	Very cold	2,500	500	$2,946
New Jersey	24.61¢	Mixed-humid	1,800	900	$2,203
New Mexico	16.51¢	Mixed-dry	1,500	1,000	$1,329
New York	28.65¢	Cold	2,200	650	$2,830
North Carolina	14.95¢	Mixed-humid	1,300	1,300	$1,197
North Dakota	13.31¢	Very cold	2,900	450	$1,605
Ohio	19.38¢	Cold	2,000	800	$1,836
Oklahoma	14.82¢	Mixed	1,400	1,500	$1,313
Oregon	15.92¢	Marine	1,600	450	$1,135
Pennsylvania	21.77¢	Cold	2,000	800	$2,062
Rhode Island	28.18¢	Cold	2,200	600	$2,750
South Carolina	15.76¢	Hot-humid	1,100	1,600	$1,254
South Dakota	15.15¢	Very cold	2,500	650	$1,668
Tennessee	13.42¢	Mixed-humid	1,400	1,300	$1,125
Texas	15.91¢	Hot	900	2,000	$1,296
Utah	13.31¢	Cold	1,900	900	$1,242
Vermont	23.84¢	Very cold	2,600	450	$2,603
Virginia	17.64¢	Mixed-humid	1,500	1,100	$1,462
Washington	14.63¢	Marine	1,700	350	$1,064
West Virginia	16.31¢	Mixed	1,800	800	$1,422
Wisconsin	19.41¢	Very cold	2,500	600	$2,115
Wyoming	14.43¢	Very cold	2,500	500	$1,538

Typical unit = median-efficiency model in our database (HSPF2 9.5, SEER2 15.2). Hours are planning estimates; see methodology.